The handkerchief is an omen of the destruction of their marriage. The handkerchief, however, is as important a symbol as ever Othello says, "it comes o'er my memory as a raven doth over an infected house" (IV.i.20-21). In the last act Othello was trying to act as Desdemona's defender, and Iago was the accuser ironically, they seem to have switched places here, and Iago seems to be defending Desdemona, all while producing more "evidence" to condemn her. Iago continues his insinuations when speaking to Othello he provides more "proofs" that are anything but, though Othello has calmed, and seems more troubled and less angry. Lodovico especially is shocked at this change in Othello, and has no idea how such a noble man could act so cruelly. But, when Desdemona mentions Cassio, Othello becomes very angry and slaps her in front of everyone she rushes off, very upset. Lodovico, a noble Venetian whom Desdemona knows, has recently landed Desdemona and Othello welcome him there. Now, Othello is resolved to kill Desdemona himself, and charges Iago with murdering Cassio. Othello is incensed by Cassio, still believing that he was speaking of Desdemona, rather than Bianca. Bianca comes in, and gives the handkerchief back to Cassio, since she swears she will have nothing to do with it. Iago calls Cassio in, while Othello hides Iago speaks to Cassio of Bianca, but Othello, in his disturbed state, believes that Cassio is talking of Desdemona, which is the last "proof" he needs before declaring his wife guilty. Othello falls into a trance of rage, and Iago decides to hammer home his false ideas about his wife.
He is talking with Iago about the handkerchief still, and its significance in being found but, soon, Iago whips Othello into an even greater fury through mere insinuation, and Othello takes the bait.
Othello is trying, even after swearing that Desdemona was unfaithful, not to condemn her too harshly.
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